ΔG®

Endurance: Helps support endurance exercise performance

Cox PJ et al.  Nutritional ketosis alters fuel preference and thereby endurance performance in athletes.  Cell Metab. 2016; 24: 256-268.

Murray AJ et al.  Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance.  FASEB J 2016; 30: 2689-97.

Poffé et al.  Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload.  J Physiol 2019; 597: 3009–3027.

 

Resilience: Helps support resilience during exercise

Poffé et al. Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload. J Physiol 2019; 597: 3009–3027.

 

Recovery: Helps support post-exercise muscle recovery

Holdsworth DA et al.  A ketone ester drink increases post-exercise muscle glycogen synthesis in humans.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017; 49: 1789-1795.

 

ΔH®

Immunity: Helps support a healthy immune system

Soto-Mota A et al.  Safety and tolerability of sustained exogenous ketosis using ketone monoester drinks for 28 days in healthy adults.  Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2019; 109: 104506-11.

 

Metabolism: Supports metabolic health

Clarke K et al. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012; 63: 196-208.

Clarke K et al.  Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012; 63: 401-408.

Myette-Côté É et al.  A ketone monoester drink reduces the glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge in individuals with obesity: a randomized trial.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2019; 110: 1491–1501.

Myette-Côté É et al.  Prior ingestion of exogenous ketone monoester attenuates the glycaemic response to an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy young individuals.  J Physiol. 2018; 596: 1385–1395.

Stubbs BJ et al.  On the metabolism of exogenous ketones in humans.  Front Physiol 2017; Vol. 8: Article 848 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00848

Kashiwaya Y et al. A ketone ester diet increases brain malonyl-CoA and uncoupling proteins 4 and 5 while decreasing food intake in the normal Wistar rat. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285: 25950-25956.

Srivastava S et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis and increased uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue of mice fed a ketone ester diet. FASEB J. 2012; 26: 2351-2362.

Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Evans RD, Cyranka M, Clarke K and de Wet H.  A ketone ester drink lowers human ghrelin and appetite.  Obesity 2018 Feb;26(2):269-273. doi: 10.1002

Clarke K et al. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012; 63: 196-208.

Murray AJ et al.  Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance.  FASEB J 2016; 30: 2689-97.

 

Rejuvenation: Supports brain health

Mujica-Parodia LR et al.  Diet modulates brain network stability, a biomarker for brain aging, in young adults.  PNAS 2020;

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1913042117

Kashiwaya Y et al.  A ketone ester diet exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-sparing properties and lessens amyloid and tau pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2013; 34: 1530-1539.

Curtis W, Kemper M, Miller A, Pawlosky R, King MT, Veech RL. Mitigation of damage from reactive oxygen species and ionizing radiation by ketone body esters.  In: Ketogenic Diet and Metabolic Therapies: Expanded Roles in Health and Disease. Boison D, Masino SA, Eds. Oxford University Press 2016; pp. 254-270.

Veech RL, Bradshaw PC, Clarke K, Curtis W, Pawlosky R, King MT.  Ketone bodies mimic the life span extending properties of caloric restriction.  IUBMB Life 2017; 69:305-314.